Reliability of sound attenuation in Florida scrub habitat and behavioral implications

Attenuation over distance in natural habitat is often difficult to predict when measured without respect to sound frequency. The physical-acoustic structure of Florida scrub habitat is described and both attenuation and reliability of attenuation are measured as a function of sound frequency, over several distances, speaker elevations, and microphone elevations. The spatial context of sound propagation in Florida scrub habitat is discussed and a model designed to describe contributions to overall attenuation from individual factors is presented. Sound frequencies below approximately 3.5 kHz attenuate more reliably than higher sound frequencies, suggesting that animals should pay greatest attention to relatively low sound frequencies when they assess attenuation or estimate sound-pressure level.