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Caspases as regulators of apoptosis and other cell functions
1Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology, and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 03022, Ukraine. butenko@onconet.kiev.ua
Abstract:
This review covers current knowledge on the involvement in apoptosis of a new family of endopeptidases denoted as caspases. Their structure, specific substrates, and inhibitors are considered. The recent classification of cysteine proteases of the caspase family based on their structural and functional features is presented. The biological significance of caspases not related to their proapoptotic effect is discussed.
Insights
This review details caspases, a family of proteases crucial for apoptosis (programmed cell death). It explores their structure, substrates, inhibitors, classification, and broader biological roles beyond cell death.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental biological process.
- Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases implicated in initiating and executing apoptosis.
- Understanding caspase function is critical for comprehending cellular regulation and disease pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the role of caspases in apoptosis.
- To present the classification of caspases based on structural and functional characteristics.
- To discuss the biological significance of caspases beyond their proapoptotic functions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on caspases.
- Analysis of structural and functional data for caspase classification.
- Synthesis of information on caspase substrates and inhibitors.
Main Results:
- Caspases are key mediators of apoptosis, acting as endopeptidases.
- A classification system for caspases based on structural and functional features is presented.
- Caspases possess biological functions independent of their role in apoptosis.
Conclusions:
- Caspases are a critical family of proteases with diverse roles in cellular processes.
- Further research into non-apoptotic functions of caspases may reveal new therapeutic targets.
- The classification of caspases aids in understanding their specific roles and interactions.