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Autonomic dysfunction in peripheral nerve disease.

Phillip A Low1, Steven Vernino, Guillermo Suarez

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Foundation, 811 Guggenheim, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. low.phillip@mayo.edu

Muscle & Nerve
|May 27, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Autonomic neuropathies affect nerve fibers, with causes ranging from autoimmune disorders to inherited genetic mutations. Diagnosis is aided by clinical, electrophysiological, and non-invasive autonomic testing.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autonomic neuropathies involve damage to autonomic nerve fibers, impacting both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
  • These neuropathies can be acquired (autoimmune, diabetes, amyloidosis, toxins) or inherited.
  • Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy may present with high antibody titers to ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of inherited and acquired autonomic neuropathies.
  • To highlight recent advances in identifying genetic loci and mutations for inherited forms.
  • To emphasize the role of non-invasive autonomic testing in diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autonomic neuropathies.
Keywords:
Non-programmatic

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of genetic studies identifying loci and mutations for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including clinical, electrophysiological, and non-invasive autonomic testing.

    • Main Results:

    • The molecular basis for several inherited sensory and autonomic neuropathies (types I, III, IV) has been identified.
    • Inherited amyloid neuropathies are linked to mutations in transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1, and gelsolin.
    • Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy is often subacute and associated with neoplasms and specific antibodies in severe cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic underpinnings of inherited autonomic neuropathies.
    • Acquired forms, particularly autoimmune, present distinct clinical and immunological features.
    • A multimodal diagnostic approach, including non-invasive testing, is crucial for characterizing autonomic neuropathies.