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Related Experiment Videos

Primary DNA damage in chrome-plating workers.

A Gambelunghe1, R Piccinini, M Ambrogi

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy.

Toxicology
|May 28, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Occupational exposure to chromium (VI) increases DNA strand-breaks in chrome-plating workers, as detected by the comet assay. This genotoxic effect highlights the comet assay

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a concern in industries like chrome-plating.
  • Cr(VI) is a known genotoxic agent, necessitating reliable methods for monitoring worker exposure and effects.
  • Assessing primary DNA damage and apoptosis provides insights into the biological impact of chromium exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate primary DNA damage, specifically DNA strand-breaks and apoptosis, in peripheral lymphocytes of chrome-plating workers.
  • To investigate chromium levels in biological samples (urine, erythrocytes, lymphocytes) as indicators of occupational exposure.
  • To validate the utility of the comet assay and apoptosis measurements for biological monitoring of Cr(VI) exposure.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Involved 19 chrome-plating workers and two control groups (18 hospital workers, 20 university personnel).
  • DNA strand-breaks assessed using the alkaline single-cell microgel electrophoresis (comet) assay.
  • Apoptosis measured by flow cytometry; chromium concentrations determined in urine, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes.

Main Results:

  • Chrome-plating workers exhibited significantly higher chromium levels in urine, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes compared to controls.
  • Increased DNA strand-breaks, indicated by comet tail moment values, were observed in exposed workers.
  • DNA damage levels correlated significantly with chromium concentrations in lymphocytes; no significant difference in apoptosis was found.

Conclusions:

  • Measurements of chromium in erythrocytes and lymphocytes are valuable for assessing recent and past occupational exposure to Cr(VI).
  • The comet assay is a valid tool for biological monitoring of workers exposed to genotoxic agents like chromium (VI).
  • Occupational exposure to chromium (VI) leads to increased DNA strand-breaks, underscoring the need for workplace safety measures.