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Human immunodeficiency virus and invasive external otitis--a case report.

O A Lasisi1, R A Bakare, M A Usman

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College Hospital, Ibadan.

West African Journal of Medicine
|May 29, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Acute invasive external otitis is a rare, severe ear infection. This case highlights its unusual presentation in a young, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patient, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acute invasive external otitis (AIEOT) is a severe infection of the external auditory canal (EAC).
  • It typically affects elderly diabetic patients, with rare reports in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive individuals.
  • Early identification and management are crucial due to its potentially life-threatening nature.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old immunocompetent nursing mother presented with a month of fever, otalgia, and severe left ear canal inflammation.
  • Symptoms progressed to facial cellulitis, mastoid abscess, and facial nerve palsy after minor ear trauma.
  • An underlying immunodeficiency was suspected due to the unusual severity and course of the infection.

Findings:

  • Diagnostic workup confirmed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection as the predisposing factor.

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  • The patient's presentation demonstrated atypical features of AIEOT in an immunocompromised young adult.
  • Invasive external otitis can manifest unusually in HIV-positive patients.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering HIV in young adults presenting with severe or unusual external otitis.
    • Prompt diagnosis of HIV is critical for effective management of opportunistic infections like AIEOT.
    • Clinicians should be aware of the diverse clinical presentations of AIEOT in immunocompromised populations.