The physiology of locust phase polymorphism: an update

Area of Science:

• Entomology
• Animal Physiology
• Behavioral Ecology

Background:

• Locust phase polymorphism is a significant phenomenon influencing locust behavior and ecology.
• Understanding the physiological and genetic underpinnings of phase change is crucial for pest management.
• Previous research has explored various aspects, but a comprehensive understanding remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review progress in locust phase-related research between 1990 and 1997.
• To synthesize current knowledge on the physiology of locust phase polymorphism.
• To identify gaps and future research directions, particularly in molecular biology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on locust phase polymorphism.
• Analysis of physiological traits, including adipokinesis, flight fuels, and migration.
• Investigation of aggregation behavior, activity patterns, and pheromonal communication.
• Examination of potential parent-to-progeny transmission mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Distinct strain-dependent differences in phase characteristics were confirmed.
• Advances were made in understanding phase-dependent physiology, including flight fuels and migration.
• Locust pheromone research revealed complexity, identifying phenylacetonitrile as a key compound in Schistocerca gregaria.
• Parent-to-progeny transmission of phase characteristics via egg pods was identified.

Conclusions:

• Significant progress was made in locust phase polymorphism research, particularly in physiology and pheromones.
• Endocrine control mechanisms remain poorly understood, with no major breakthroughs.
• Future research should explore the molecular basis of locust phase polymorphism.