Ultrastructure and permeability of lymph node microvasculature in the mouse

The microvasculature of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches consists of arterioles, capillaries and venules. The postcapillary segment comprises high-endothelial venules (HE venules) as well as ordinary venules. In order to study the ultrastructure of the microvasculature, particularly with respect to the nature of intercellular junctions, lanthanum and ruthenium red were used as tracers. Furthermore, to evaluate the permeability properties of the different segments of the microvasculature, intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP; MW: 40,000) was used. All segments of the microvasculature are permeable to HRP. However, the mechanism of transport across the vascular wall varies in the different segments, apparently correlated with a gradual decrease in number of transport vesicles and a gradual attenuation in the sealing of the endothelial cells. Tight junctions are present in arterioles, and it is assumed that HRP reach the basal lamina exclusively by vesicular transport. Incomplete or focal tight junctions are present in the capillaries, and both intercellular and vesicular pathways are observed. In the venules the intercellular pathway seems to be the dominant one, while vesicular transfer is negligible. However, some micropinocytic vesicles in the HE venule endothelial cells probably represent the initial stage of an intracellular digestion.