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Updated: Sep 25, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
Reconstruction of the angle of shot by using computed radiography of the head
Daniela Marchetti1, Tommaso Tartaglione, Giancarlo Mattiu
1Institute of Forensic Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
In a case of murder by a single .22 caliber bullet fragmented in the head, determination of the trajectory was a key issue in identifying which of 2 windows, 1 of which was associated with 2 suspects, was the site of fire. For this purpose, we processed the computed tomography of the victim's head by using a radiation therapy planning system called Plato, which is routinely used in radiation oncology. This tool provided a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the cranio-cerebral lesions and a spatial location of bullet and bone fragments. In this article is described the more intuitive relationship with forensic and ballistic data obtained from the 3-dimensional visualization and the physical and mathematical analysis used to calculate the angle of shot.
