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Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

G Micieli1, P Tosi, S Marcheselli

  • 1Laboratory of Autonomic Physiopathology and Cerebrovascular Diagnostics, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|May 30, 2003
PubMed
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Autonomic dysfunction, characterized by symptoms like cardiovascular and gastrointestinal issues, is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recognizing these autonomic symptoms aids in diagnosing PD and related disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Autonomic dysfunction has been recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD) since its initial description.
  • Autonomic failure can also be the primary presentation of other neurodegenerative diseases such as pure autonomic failure (PAF) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in Parkinson's disease.
  • To highlight the role of autonomic dysfunction in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • Pathological examination findings of autonomic structures in PD patients.

Main Results:

  • Both central and peripheral autonomic nervous systems are affected in PD, with cell loss and Lewy bodies observed in sympathetic ganglia and autonomic regulatory regions.

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  • Lewy bodies are found in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, and parasympathetic nuclei.
  • Autonomic symptoms in PD are diverse, encompassing cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, sudomotor, thermoregulatory, pupillary, sleep, and respiratory disorders.

    • Conclusions:

    • Autonomic dysfunction is a significant feature of Parkinson's disease.
    • The varied symptoms of dysautonomia can be crucial for differentiating Parkinson's disease from atypical or complicated parkinsonian syndromes.