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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management

Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Fabrication of Biologically Derived Injectable Materials for Myocardial Tissue Engineering
11:32

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Published on: December 20, 2010

The cortisol response during heart-lung bypass.

K M Taylor, J V Jones, M S Walker

    Circulation
    |July 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cardiac surgery with heart-lung bypass alters cortisol response, showing lower levels during bypass and elevated levels post-surgery compared to controls. Adrenal response to ACTH is preserved during bypass.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Cardiovascular Surgery
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Cardiac surgery with heart-lung bypass is a significant physiological stressor.
    • Understanding the endocrine response, particularly cortisol, is crucial for patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the plasma cortisol and plasma free cortisol response patterns in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with heart-lung bypass.
    • To compare these patterns with those of control patients undergoing closed mitral valvotomy.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 20 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with heart-lung bypass and 16 control patients undergoing closed mitral valvotomy.
    • Measured total plasma cortisol and plasma free cortisol levels at various time points.
    • Assessed adrenal cortex response using synthetic ACTH stimulation during surgery.

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    Main Results:

    • Total plasma cortisol decreased during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in bypass patients, unlike controls who showed a typical stress response.
    • Elevated cortisol levels persisted 24-48 hours postoperatively in bypass patients.
    • Adrenal response to ACTH was intact during bypass, but absent in controls during operation.
    • % free cortisol rose at ECC onset, but total plasma free cortisol was lower during ECC in bypass patients.
    • Postoperative plasma free cortisol was significantly higher in bypass patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Heart-lung bypass significantly alters the normal cortisol stress response pattern.
    • The adrenal cortex retains responsiveness to ACTH during heart-lung bypass.
    • Postoperative cortisol levels are elevated in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with heart-lung bypass.