Bile-acid metabolism and the liver

Primary bile acids are exclusively synthesize, and all bile acids are conjugated, in the liver. When hepatic function is altered by disease, not surprisingly the bile-acid metabolism reflects this change. 1. In chronic liver disorders the glycine: taurine ratio of serum and bile is reduced. 2. In cases of relapsing acute hepatitis and relapsing chronic active hepatitis the serum bile acids are increased, providing an aid to early diagnosis. Their pattern often distinguishes chronic cholestatic conditions from Laennec's cirrhosis. 3. In chronic liver disease, the concentration of intraduodenal bile acids is reduced; when the reduction is severe, this probably accounts for co-existent steatorrhoea. 4. In Laennec's cirrhosis, both the synthesis and pool size of cholic acid are markedly depressed; in primary biliary cirrhosis, however, preliminary data indicate a decrease in the chenodeoxycholic acid component.