Surgical treatment for spondylolisthesis in the adult

There are 3 common types of spondylolisthesis: dysplastic; isthmic; degenerative. This classification, presented anew in an article published in this volume, evolved from a discussion by the members of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar spine. The surgical treatment is designed to correct a combination of symptomatic and mechanical abnormalities characteristic of each type.