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Anaphylaxis and emergency treatment.

Hugh A Sampson1

  • 1Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA. hugh.sampson@mssm.edu

Pediatrics
|June 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Food anaphylaxis is a leading cause of emergency room visits and deaths in the US. Current treatments focus on allergen avoidance and epinephrine, with new therapies like anti-immunoglobulin E antibody treatments in clinical trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Food-induced anaphylaxis is the primary cause of anaphylactic reactions in US emergency departments.
  • An estimated 30,000 food anaphylaxis cases require emergency treatment annually, resulting in 150-200 deaths.
  • Peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish are responsible for the majority of severe reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and management of food anaphylaxis.
  • To highlight the mechanistic complexities and diagnostic challenges, including exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
  • To discuss existing and emerging therapeutic strategies for food anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of food anaphylaxis epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatments.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic mainstays: allergen avoidance, symptom recognition, and epinephrine administration.
  • Examination of ongoing clinical trials and preclinical research for novel therapies.

Main Results:

  • Food anaphylaxis represents a significant public health burden, particularly in the United States.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying food-induced anaphylaxis symptoms are not fully elucidated.
  • Established treatments rely on strict avoidance and prompt epinephrine use, while new treatments are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of food anaphylaxis necessitates comprehensive patient education and allergen avoidance strategies.
  • The development of targeted therapies, such as anti-immunoglobulin E antibodies, shows promise for improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research into immunomodulatory therapies is crucial for advancing the treatment landscape of food anaphylaxis.

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