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Contrast-media induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Vitor O Gomes1, Patricia Blaya, Carlos E Poli de Figueiredo
1Department of Cardiology and Neprhrology, Hospital São Lucas, Pontificia Universidade Católica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Insights
Contrast-medium induced nephropathy (CIN) is a variable complication of cardiac catheterization, particularly in high-risk patients. This review covers CIN
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
- Radiology
Background:
- Contrast-medium induced nephropathy (CIN) presents a variable incidence, notably high in specific patient subgroups undergoing cardiac catheterization.
- While often benign, CIN is linked to increased hospital stays and higher mortality rates, both during hospitalization and long-term.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the physiopathogenesis of CIN.
- To outline the clinical manifestations associated with CIN.
- To discuss currently available preventive strategies for CIN.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on contrast-medium induced nephropathy.
- Analysis of physiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and prevention of CIN.
Main Results:
- CIN incidence varies significantly, with higher rates in at-risk populations.
- CIN is associated with adverse outcomes including prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality.
- Existing literature provides insights into CIN's mechanisms, symptoms, and management.
Conclusions:
- Understanding CIN's physiopathogenesis is crucial for effective prevention.
- Early recognition of clinical manifestations aids in managing CIN.
- Implementing preventive measures is key to mitigating CIN's impact on patient outcomes.
Abstract:
Contrast-medium induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization has an extremely variable incidence, which is very elevated in high-risk subgroups. Despite its benign course in most cases, it is associated with a longer hospital stay, and elevated in-hospital and late mortality rates. This paper reviews the physiopathogenesis of CIN, as well as the clinical manifestations and preventive measures currently available.