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Rate processes in nonlinear optical dynamics with many attractors.

F. T. Arecchi1

  • 1Physics Department, University and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Florence, Italy.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

This review explores transition rates in complex nonequilibrium systems, moving beyond simple stable states. It highlights how multiple coexisting dynamics and choices, driven by noise or self-organization, influence these rates, particularly in optical systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Statistical physics
  • Optical physics

Background:

  • Kramers' 1940 work established transition rates between stable states.
  • Nonequilibrium systems often violate conditions of simple stable attractors.
  • Complex dynamics include unstable fixed points, heteroclinic chaos, and coexisting strange attractors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review transition rate phenomena in nonequilibrium optical systems.
  • To discuss scenarios beyond simple Kramers' rate theory.
  • To stimulate theoretical research on novel rate processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on transition rates.
  • Analysis of phenomena in nonequilibrium systems.
  • Examination of experimental evidence in optical systems.

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Main Results:

  • Identified violations of standard conditions in nonequilibrium systems.
  • Observed complex dynamics like coexisting attractors and space-time complexity.
  • Highlighted the role of choice (noise or self-triggered) in alternative path selection.

Conclusions:

  • Transition rates in complex systems are influenced by multiple coexisting dynamics.
  • Novel rate processes emerge in systems with unstable or complex attractors.
  • Further theoretical investigation is needed for these advanced phenomena in optical systems.