Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Canadian Surgery Forum: Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons, Canadian Association of General Surgeons, Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons, Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology, Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Vancouver, BC, Sept. 17-21, 2013.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2025
Same author

Cephalopod-inspired jetting devices for gastrointestinal drug delivery.

Nature·2024
Same author

Detection of drugs of abuse in urine using the Bruker Toxtyper™: Experiences in a routine clinical laboratory setting.

Clinical mass spectrometry (Del Mar, Calif.)·2024
Same author

Estimating cortical thickness trajectories in children across different scanners using transfer learning from normative models.

Human brain mapping·2024
Same author

[Allergenic and chemical pollutants of indoor environments and asthma: Characterization, assessment and eviction].

Revue des maladies respiratoires·2023
Same author

Canadian Surgery Forum 2018: St. John's, NL Sept. 13-15, 2018.

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Three-dimensional vestibular eye and head reflexes of the chameleon: characteristics of gain and phase and effects of

H Haker1, H Misslisch, M Ott

  • 1Neurology Department, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland. haker@bli.unizh.ch

Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology
|June 5, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Chameleons exhibit effective gaze stabilization through their vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), especially when moving their heads freely in the light. This reflex helps maintain clear vision by stabilizing retinal images, similar to primates.

More Related Videos

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Physiology
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Gaze stabilization is crucial for clear vision, particularly during head movements.
  • The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a key mechanism for maintaining visual stability.
  • Understanding VOR in reptiles like chameleons offers insights into evolutionary adaptations of visual systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of the gaze-stabilizing vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in chameleons.
  • To analyze VOR gain, phase, and rotational axes under various conditions (head-fixed/free, light/dark).
  • To compare chameleon VOR strategies with those of other vertebrates, including non-human primates.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the three-dimensional search-coil technique to precisely measure eye movements.
  • Subjected chameleons to sinusoidal rotation around an earth-vertical axis.
  • Tested animals under head-fixed and head-free conditions, in both light and dark environments.

Main Results:

  • Low VOR gains (0.1-0.3) and significant phase lead were observed during head-fixed, dark stimulation.
  • Higher VOR gains (0.1-0.8) and reduced phase lead occurred during light stimulation.
  • Near-unity gains (around 0.6-0.8) with small phase leads were recorded during head-free conditions, indicating effective gaze stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • Chameleon VOR gain is significantly influenced by head mobility and ambient light.
  • Head-free conditions, particularly in light, elicit VOR responses that closely stabilize retinal images.
  • Chameleon VOR eye rotation axes align with head rotation and do not systematically deviate, mirroring strategies seen in primates for optimal visual stability.