CDK inhibitors in clinical development for the treatment of cancer
Peter M Fischer1, Athos Gianella-Borradori
1Cyclacel Limited, James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, Scotland, UK. pfischer@cyclacel.com
Abstract:
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of the cell division cycle, whose various checkpoints proliferating cells must traverse. Since CDK deregulation, either through direct or indirect means, is found in most cancer cells, pharmacological CDK inhibition has become an attractive strategy towards mechanism-based and non-genotoxic therapies in oncology. Over the last decade, discovery and lead optimisation efforts have provided a wealth of potential drug candidate molecules capable of inhibiting CDKs, blocking cell-cycle progression, modulating transcription and inducing apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. However, only few such agents have as yet reached clinical evaluation. Here, the preclinical and clinical results obtained so far with flavopiridol (L868275, HMR1275; Aventis), 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01, KW-2401; Kyowa Hakko Kogyo) and roscovitine (R-roscovitine, CYC202; Cyclacel) are summarised. Furthermore, the potential for monotherapy and applications in combination with existing drugs are discussed.
Insights
Pharmacological inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) offers a promising strategy for cancer therapy. While many CDK inhibitors show potential, few have advanced to clinical trials, necessitating further investigation into their efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are crucial regulators of the cell division cycle.
- Deregulation of CDKs is implicated in the majority of human cancers.
- Targeting CDKs offers a mechanism-based, non-genotoxic approach to cancer treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize preclinical and clinical findings of CDK inhibitors.
- To discuss the therapeutic potential of flavopiridol, 7-hydroxystaurosporine, and roscovitine.
- To explore the use of CDK inhibitors in monotherapy and combination treatments.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical data for selected CDK inhibitors.
- Analysis of available clinical trial results for flavopiridol, 7-hydroxystaurosporine, and roscovitine.
- Discussion of therapeutic strategies involving CDK inhibition.
Main Results:
- Development of numerous potential CDK inhibitor drug candidates.
- Limited progression of these agents into clinical evaluation.
- Summary of data for flavopiridol, 7-hydroxystaurosporine, and roscovitine.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacological CDK inhibition is a viable strategy for cancer therapy.
- Further clinical evaluation is needed for most CDK inhibitors.
- Combination therapies involving CDK inhibitors may enhance treatment outcomes.
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