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[Adverse reactions to vaccines]
J L Eseverri1, S Ranea, A Marin
1Sección de Alergología e Immunologia Clínica Pediátrica. Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. Spain.
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia
|June 5, 2003
Summary
Adverse vaccine reactions are varied and often misattributed. This study classified reactions and found tetanus vaccines were most frequently implicated, with hyposensitization effective for many patients.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology and Immunology
- Clinical Allergy and Immunology
Context:
- Adverse reactions to vaccines range from mild to severe, with many unsubstantiated claims in recent years.
- The World Health Organization classifies reactions into vaccination-induced, administration errors, and coincidental.
- Hypersensitivity reactions can be triggered by vaccine components, adjuvants, stabilizers, preservatives, antibiotics, or culture media.
Purpose:
- To classify and analyze adverse reactions to vaccines reported to a specific service.
- To identify specific vaccines and clinical manifestations associated with adverse events.
- To evaluate the management and outcomes of patients experiencing adverse reactions, particularly to tetanus toxoid.
Summary:
- A total of 48 adverse vaccine reactions were recorded, with 92% attributed to the tetanus vaccine.
- Common clinical features included urticaria, angioedema, pseudo-shock, and fever.
- Hyposensitization to tetanus toxoid was required in 45% of affected patients, with most achieving protective titers.
Impact:
- Highlights the importance of accurate classification and investigation of vaccine adverse events.
- Provides data on the specific clinical profiles and implicated vaccines, with a focus on tetanus toxoid.
- Demonstrates the efficacy of hyposensitization protocols for managing certain vaccine-related hypersensitivity reactions.