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Related Experiment Videos

Nucleation of one polymorph by another.

Lian Yu1

  • 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. yu_lian@lilly.com

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 6, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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One polymorph directly induced another during melt crystallization of d-mannitol and d-sorbitol. This finding is key for controlling chemical manufacturing and understanding polymorphic nucleation.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Polymorphism, the ability of a solid material to exist in multiple crystalline forms, significantly impacts chemical product properties and manufacturing processes.
  • Controlling polymorphism is crucial for specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials science, yet predicting and controlling phase transformations remains challenging.
  • Current research often focuses on homogeneous nucleation, where a new polymorph forms spontaneously from the parent phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly observe and document the heterogeneous nucleation of one polymorph by another during melt crystallization.
  • To investigate the phenomenon of one crystalline form inducing the nucleation and growth of a different polymorph in d-mannitol and d-sorbitol.
  • To provide insights into controlling polymorphism and understanding concomitant polymorph formation.

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Main Methods:

  • Melt crystallization experiments were conducted on d-mannitol and d-sorbitol.
  • Direct observation techniques were employed to monitor the nucleation and growth processes.
  • Analysis focused on identifying the initial nucleating polymorph and the resulting dominant polymorph.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence of one polymorph nucleating on an existing polymorph was obtained during melt crystallization.
  • The newly nucleated polymorph successfully grew and became the dominant crystalline form in the final product.
  • This demonstrates a heterogeneous nucleation pathway where an existing crystal structure templated the formation of a new one.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous nucleation, where one polymorph induces another, is a significant factor in melt crystallization of d-mannitol and d-sorbitol.
  • This phenomenon offers a practical route for controlling polymorphism in industrial chemical manufacturing.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper theoretical understanding of polymorphic nucleation and the occurrence of concomitant polymorphs.