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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
Published on: November 15, 2013
Dynamical symmetry breaking of extended gauge symmetries
Thomas Appelquist1, Robert Shrock
1Department of Physics, Sloane Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Abstract:
We construct asymptotically free gauge theories exhibiting dynamical breaking of the left-right gauge group G(LR)=SU(3)(c) x SU(2)(L) x SU(2)(R) x U(1)(B-L), and its extension to the Pati-Salam gauge group G(422)=SU(4)(PS) x SU(2)(L) x SU(2)(R). The models incorporate technicolor for electroweak breaking, and extended technicolor for the breaking of G(LR) and G422 and the generation of fermion masses. They include a seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses, without a grand unified theory (GUT) scale. These models explain why G(LR) and G422 break to SU(3)(c) x SU(2)(L) x U(1)(Y), and why this takes place at a scale (approximately 10(3) TeV) large compared to the electroweak scale, but much smaller than a GUT scale.
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