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Related Experiment Videos

Intoxication due to 1,4-butanediol.

C Lora-Tamayo1, T Tena, A Rodríguez

  • 1Instituto Nacional de Toxicología, Ministerio de Justicia, C/ Luis Cabrera 9, 28002 Madrid, Spain. drogas@mad.inaltox.es

Forensic Science International
|June 6, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Illicit "liquid ecstasy" contained 1,4-butanediol, a precursor to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Toxicological analysis confirmed high levels of both 1,4-butanediol and GHB, alongside MDMA and its metabolite.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Illicit drug markets often supply dangerous substances disguised as recreational drugs.
  • Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a controlled substance with significant abuse potential.
  • 1,4-butanediol is a chemical precursor that metabolizes into GHB in the body.

Observation:

  • A case of intoxication was reported following ingestion of a liquid marketed as "liquid ecstasy."
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 1,4-butanediol as the primary component.
  • Toxicological analysis revealed significant blood, urine, and gastric concentrations of 1,4-butanediol and GHB.

Findings:

  • Confirmed presence and quantitation of 1,4-butanediol (82 µg/mL blood) and GHB (103 µg/mL blood).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Detected co-ingestion of methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) (0.23 µg/mL blood) and its metabolite methylenedioxyphenylamphetamine (MDA) (0.10 µg/mL blood).
  • Identified benzoylecgonine (0.10 µg/mL urine), a metabolite of cocaine, in the urine sample.

    • Implications:

    • Highlights the dangers of unregulated substances sold on the illicit market.
    • Underscores the importance of advanced analytical techniques like GC-MS in forensic toxicology.
    • Demonstrates the potential for multiple drug co-ingestions and the need for comprehensive toxicological screening.