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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Telomerase: what are the Est proteins doing?

Andrew K P Taggart1, Virginia A Zakian

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|June 6, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This study explores telomerase regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It presents three models for Est1p activation, challenging the traditional view of telomerase recruitment by Cdc13p.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a model organism for telomerase research.
  • Telomerase maintains genomic stability by adding telomeric DNA repeats.
  • Yeast telomerase is a holoenzyme complex involving Est2p, TLC1 RNA, Est1p, and Est3p.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Est1p in telomerase regulation.
  • To challenge the existing model of telomerase recruitment.
  • To propose alternative models for Est1p-mediated telomerase activation.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments were utilized.
  • Analysis of telomerase holoenzyme components (Est2p, TLC1 RNA, Est1p, Est3p).
  • Investigation of Cdc13p's role in telomere function.

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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Main Results:

  • Recent data suggest Est1p activates telomerase already bound to telomeres.
  • This challenges the model where Cdc13p recruits telomerase via Est1p.
  • Three distinct models for Est1p activation are proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Est1p's function in telomerase regulation may be more complex than previously thought.
  • Alternative mechanisms for telomerase activation at telomeres are presented.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of Est1p in telomere maintenance.