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Screening for disability in a community: the 'ten questions' screen for children, in Bondo, Kenya
1Partnerships Department, Tropical Institute of Community Health and Development in Africa. P.O Box 2224 Kisumu, Kenya. adminkisumu@tichinafrica.org
Insights
Early disability screening in Kenya requires improved training. The "ten questions" tool identifies family concerns, while Education Assessment and Resource Centres (EARC) diagnose and manage disabilities effectively.
Area of Science:
- Child development
- Public health interventions
- Disability screening
Background:
- Early identification and intervention for disabilities are crucial.
- Kenyan routine screening practices require enhanced screener training before advanced methods are implemented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the precision and practical utility of two disability screening methods: the 'ten questions' and Education Assessment and Resource Centres (EARC) screens.
- To evaluate these methods in community-based settings for children aged 2-9 years.
Main Methods:
- An analytical comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted.
- Multiphase sampling and multistage data collection procedures were employed.
- Quantitative research using a structured interview checklist assessed prevalence and analyzed method utility.
Main Results:
- Out of 399 children, 64 (16%) had disabilities.
- The 'ten questions' method identified issues of significant family concern.
- EARC services provided a more definitive assessment of disability type and severity, screening severely disabled children but potentially missing mild cases or treatable conditions.
Conclusions:
- Sensitize parents on recognizing symptoms for the 'ten questions' screening.
- Utilize EARC for definitive diagnosis, degree assessment, and referral for treatment.
- Community-based, accessible services are adequate for meeting the basic needs of disabled children.
Background:
Although the need for early identification and interventions of disabilities is evident, the current state of routine screening practice in Kenya needs intensive training of screeners before more rigorous techniques are introduced.
Objective:
To compare the precision and practical utility of the 'ten questions' and EARC screens among the 2- 9 year olds in a community setting.
Method:
In this analytical comparative cross-sectional survey of two disabilities screening methods. multiphase sampling and multistage data collection procedures were employed. Quantitative research utilizing structured interview checklist was used for data collection. It described the prevalence rates of different types of disabilities using both methods. It analyzed the precision and practical utility of the two methods in a community setting.
Results:
64 of the 399 children under study were disabled (50.5% male and 49.5% female). The 'ten questions' picks up only those problems that are of great concern to families. EARC services are a more definite case defining process of measuring the existence and degree of disability in children. It screens the children who are severely disabled leaving out the mildly disabled and medical conditions which, when left untreated, could lead to possible disablement.
Conclusion:
Parents need to be sensitized about symptoms requiring the ten questions that can be used to screen out the potentially disabled children and the Education Assessment and Resource Centres (EARC) be used to diagnose the type and degree of the disability and refer the ill children for treatment. The basic needs of disabled children could be met in the community and do not require highly specialized personnel. They need to be localized and accessible.
