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Complement system in pneumococcal infections.

W P Reed, M S Davidson, R C Williams

    Infection and Immunity
    |April 11, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pneumococcal infections activate the alternate complement pathway, indicated by decreased factor B levels. This suggests factor B consumption during infection or susceptibility in individuals with low factor B.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • The alternate complement pathway, involving properdin factor B, may opsonize pneumococci.
    • Evidence for alternate complement pathway activation during pneumococcal infections is sought.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of the alternate complement pathway in pneumococcal infections.
    • To assess complement component levels in patients hospitalized with pneumococcal pneumonia.

    Main Methods:

    • Measured C1q, C4, properdin factor B, C3, and hemolytic complement in 22 patients during hospitalization and recovery.
    • Compared patient values with 15 normal individuals using statistical analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Factor B and C3 levels were significantly depressed on admission for pneumococcal infection, returning to normal during recovery.

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  • Classical pathway components (C1q, C4) remained normal, suggesting specific alternate pathway activation.
  • Total hemolytic complement was decreased on admission.

    • Conclusions:

    • Findings support the hypothesis of rapid factor B turnover or consumption during early pneumococcal infections.
    • Low baseline factor B levels may indicate increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infections.