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Craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnoea: a cephalometric analysis
A Hoekema1, B Hovinga, B Stegenga
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. a.hoekema@kchir.azg.nl
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|June 7, 2003
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in males is associated with distinct craniofacial morphology, including anterior maxilla and increased mid-facial height. Hyoid bone position appears to be a key predictor in differentiating OSAS patients from healthy individuals.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Orthodontics
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition with multifactorial causes.
- Craniofacial morphology is hypothesized to play a role in the development of OSAS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify cephalometric variables that differentiate male OSAS patients from healthy controls.
- To assess the predictive value of craniofacial measurements for OSAS.
Main Methods:
- Cephalometric analysis of lateral skull radiographs from 31 male OSAS patients and 37 healthy males.
- Comparison of 16 cephalometric measurements using unpaired Student t-tests.
- Multiple regression analysis to determine the joint predictive value of selected variables.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in five cephalometric variables were observed between groups (P < 0.05).
- OSAS patients exhibited a relatively anterior maxilla, increased mid-facial height, and a more inferiorly located hyoid bone.
- A predictive model for OSAS discrimination included hyoid bone position and intermaxillary relationship variables.
Conclusions:
- Specific craniofacial and hyoid bone morphologies are associated with OSAS in males.
- Hyoid bone position demonstrates predictive value in cephalometric discrimination of OSAS.
- Causal links between craniofacial morphology and OSAS require further investigation.