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Paroxysmal Dyskinesias in Children
Tony M. McGrath1, Leon S. Dure
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CHB 314, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA. tmcgrath@peds.uab.edu
Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|June 7, 2003
Summary
Paroxysmal dyskinesias are rare movement disorders. Anticonvulsant medications are often effective, and channelopathies are increasingly recognized as a potential cause.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Movement Disorders
Background:
- Paroxysmal dyskinesias are rare movement disorders with varied onset and causes.
- Childhood onset is typically idiopathic, while adult onset is often secondary to identifiable causes.
- Classification includes paroxysmal kinesigenic, nonkinesigenic, exertion-induced, and hypnogenic dyskinesias.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the classification and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias.
- To explore the potential role of channelopathies in the pathophysiology.
- To highlight the efficacy of anticonvulsant medications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of paroxysmal dyskinesias.
- Analysis of classification systems based on precipitating factors.
- Review of pharmacologic treatments and their effectiveness.
Main Results:
- Paroxysmal dyskinesias are classified into four main types.
- Anticonvulsant medications are the most effective treatment for responsive cases.
- Channelopathies are emerging as a significant factor in the underlying pathophysiology.
Conclusions:
- A rational classification system for paroxysmal dyskinesias exists.
- Anticonvulsant medications are a primary treatment modality.
- Channelopathies offer a potential explanation for the disorder's mechanisms and treatment response.