The ligand effect on the hydrolytic reactivity of Zn(II) complexes toward phosphate diesters

The catalytic effects of the Zn(II) complexes of a series of poliaminic ligands in the hydrolysis of the activated phosphodiesters bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (BNP) and 2-hydroxypropyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP) have been investigated. The reactions show first-order rate dependency on both substrate and metal ion complex and a pH dependence which is diagnostic of the acid dissociation of the reactive species. The mechanism of the metal catalyzed transesterification of HPNP has been assessed by solvent isotopic kinetic effect studies and involves the intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the substrate alcoholic group, activated by metal ion coordination. The intrinsic reactivity of the different complexes is controlled by the nature and structure of the ligand: complexes of tridentate ligands, particularly if characterized by a facial coordination mode, are more reactive than those of tetradentate ligands which can hardly allow binding sites for the substrate. In the case of tridentate ligands that form complexes with a facial coordination mode, a linear Brønsted correlation between the reaction rate (log k) and the pK(a) of the active nucleophile is obtained. The beta(nuc) values are 0.75 for the HPNP transesterification and 0.20 for the BNP hydrolysis. These values are indicated as the result of the combination of two opposite Lewis acid effects of the Zn(II) ion: the activation of the substrate and the efficiency of the metal coordinated nucleophile. The latter factor apparently prevails in determining the intrinsic reactivity of the Zn(II) complexes.