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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
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Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
07:20

Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: September 7, 2016

Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatrics.

T R Schultz1, A T Costarino AT JR, S M Durning

  • 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|June 10, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) effectively supports children with mild to moderate lung disease, offering comparable oxygenation and ventilation to SIMV but with lower inspiratory pressures. Further research is planned for severe lung disease cases.

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Last Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
07:20

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Published on: September 7, 2016

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
07:15

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Mechanical Ventilation

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation is crucial for pediatric patients with respiratory compromise.
  • Synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation (SIMV) and Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) are common modes.
  • Comparative effectiveness data for APRV in pediatric populations is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) in pediatric patients.
  • To compare APRV with volume-controlled synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation (SIMV) in terms of ventilation, oxygenation, and patient comfort.
  • To assess airway pressures during APRV and SIMV in children.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, randomized, crossover clinical trial in a pediatric intensive care unit.
  • Patients (>8 kg) received both SIMV and APRV modes.
  • Measurements included vital signs, airway pressures, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2).

Main Results:

  • APRV demonstrated comparable ventilation, oxygenation, mean airway pressure, hemodynamics, and patient comfort to SIMV.
  • Inspiratory airway pressures were significantly lower with APRV compared to SIMV.
  • No significant differences in vital signs or SpO2 were observed between the two modes.

Conclusions:

  • APRV is a viable alternative to SIMV in children with mild to moderate lung disease.
  • APRV achieves similar physiological support with reduced peak and plateau airway pressures.
  • Future studies will investigate APRV's effectiveness in pediatric patients with severe lung disease.