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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management

Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
16:40

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Initial clinical experience with a single pass VDDR pacing system.

C P Lau1, Y T Tai, J P Li

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New VDDR pacing with a single ventricular lead offers improved cardiac output and maintains atrioventricular (AV) synchrony compared to VVIR pacing. This innovative system enhances pacing efficacy without increasing implantation complexity.

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Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing
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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Ventricular rate adaptive pacing (VVIR) enhances exercise capacity but lacks atrioventricular (AV) synchrony.
  • Constant rate ventricular pacing (VVI) does not optimize cardiac function.
  • Existing pacing systems may have limitations in achieving both rate adaptation and AV synchrony.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel custom-built VDDR pacing system utilizing a single ventricular lead with diagonally arranged atrial bipolar electrodes.
  • To assess the feasibility and efficacy of VDDR pacing in patients with complete AV block.
  • To compare the performance of VDDR pacing with VVIR pacing regarding cardiac output and AV synchrony.

Main Methods:

  • Implantation of a VDDR pacemaker with a single pass ventricular lead in three patients with complete AV block.
  • Detection of endocavity P waves using diagonally arranged atrial bipolar electrodes for AV synchrony.
  • Rate adaptive pacing utilizing P wave detection and an accelerometer-based activity sensor.
  • Paired exercise tests comparing VDDR and VVIR pacing modes.
  • Assessment of P wave sensing stability during various maneuvers and Holter monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Successful implantation of the VDDR system in all three patients with a mean implantation time of 29 minutes.
  • Stable P wave sensing was achieved with adequate amplitude (mean 2.4 mV) over 6 months of follow-up.
  • VDDR pacing demonstrated significantly higher cardiac output at rest, during exercise, and recovery compared to VVIR pacing.
  • P wave sensing remained stable across various physiological conditions and during Holter monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • The custom-built VDDR pacing system using a single pass lead effectively enables P wave synchronous ventricular pacing and rate adaptation.
  • This VDDR pacing mode is superior to VVIR pacing, offering improved cardiac output and maintaining AV synchrony.
  • The system provides a less complex implantation procedure while enhancing pacing efficacy.