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Physical explanation of the periodic table
1V. Fock Institute of Physics, University of St. Petersburg, Russia. Valentin.Ostrovsky@pobox.spbu.ru
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 11, 2003
Summary
The quantum interpretation of the Periodic Table, initiated by Niels Bohr, is explored. This study confirms its nonempirical quantum-theoretical basis and discusses chemistry's distinct role despite quantum theory's advances.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Chemistry
- Physics
- History of Science
Background:
- The Periodic Table of elements is a key generalization linking chemistry and physics.
- Niels Bohr initiated its quantum interpretation, but it remained incomplete.
- Understanding the Periodic Table's quantum basis is crucial for chemistry and physics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss post-Bohr conceptual developments in the quantum interpretation of the Periodic Table.
- To differentiate between individual atom calculations and the theory of the periodic system.
- To explore the essential features defining periodicity and its quantum-theoretical foundation.
Main Methods:
- Historical and epistemological analysis of conceptual developments.
- Comparative study of various periodic laws in nature.
- Examination of the quantum-theoretical basis of the periodic system.
Main Results:
- The periodic system of neutral ground state atoms is shown to have a firm nonempirical quantum-theoretical basis.
- Periodic laws extend beyond the chemical Periodic Table, with essential features identified.
- Alternative mathematical approaches, including group theory, are considered.
Conclusions:
- Quantum theory provides a solid foundation for the Periodic Table of elements.
- The complexity of polyatomic molecules and reactions ensures chemistry's continued importance as a discipline.
- The study clarifies the relationship between quantum mechanics and the broader principles of chemical periodicity.