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Updated: Sep 25, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Published on: August 11, 2008
Symptoms in patients attending services for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sudan
A I El-Sony1, S A Mustafa, A H Khamis
1National Tuberculosis Programme, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. aelsony@hotmail.com
Objective:
To describe the variation in clinical features of individuals presenting to a health facility with chest symptoms according to their ultimate diagnosis.
Methods:
Of 16735 patients (52.6% males and 47.4% females) presenting at respiratory centres in seven states in Sudan, 5338 patients were identified with respiratory tract symptoms: 2917 (54.6%) men and 2421 (45.4%) women, with a mean age of 32 years. Those who had cough for more than 3 weeks that was not responsive to a course of antibiotics were screened by microscopy of two or three sputum specimens and chest radiography.
Results:
A total of 504 (9.44%) were smear-positive, 259 (4.85%) were smear-negative, and 166 (3.11%) had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, of whom 59 (1.11%) had pleural involvement; the remaining 4409 suspects (82.6%) were non-tuberculous.
Conclusion:
Tuberculosis patients had a constellation of presenting symptoms, with the principal symptom being cough for more than 3 weeks. The accompanying symptoms with greatest predicted significance were weight loss, tiredness and night sweats.
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