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Updated: Sep 19, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: April 23, 2019
Simultaneous determination of ketamine and xylazine in canine plasma by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet
Frank Niedorf1, Hans-Herbert Bohr, Manfred Kietzmann
1Institute for Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany. frank.niedorf@tiho-hannover.de
Abstract:
An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of ketamine and xylazine in canine plasma is described. Plasma samples (500 microl) are cleaned up via liquid-liquid extraction. The analytes and the internal standard clonidine are separated on a cyano (CN) column using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile-0.005 M phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 5.5 (3:2) at a detection wavelength of 215 nm. The method was validated according to specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility and was used to determine the plasma concentrations of both compounds in dogs after intramuscular injection.
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