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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
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Expression of Tra2beta isoforms is developmentally regulated in a tissue- and temporal-specific pattern.

Xianhua Chen1, Lanping Guo, Wanmin Lin

  • 1Laboratory of Genomic Physiology, Brain Research Center and Liren Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.

Cell Biology International
|June 12, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Tra2beta splicing isoforms are developmentally regulated in human tissues. Their differential expression suggests a role in mammalian development, though protein levels don't always correlate with transcripts.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alternative splicing is crucial for generating protein diversity.
  • The role of Tra2-regulated alternative splicing in mammalian development remains largely unknown.
  • Understanding Tra2beta isoform regulation is key to deciphering its developmental contribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the gene expression profile of Tra2beta isoforms in human fetal tissues.
  • To investigate the developmental and tissue-specific regulation of Tra2beta transcripts and proteins.
  • To explore the correlation between Tra2beta transcript and protein levels during development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic characterization of Tra2beta gene expression using human fetal tissue samples (11 and 16 weeks).
  • Analysis of at least five Tra2beta transcript isoforms (Tra2beta1-5).
  • Western blot analysis to assess Tra2beta protein expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Tra2beta transcript levels exhibit tissue- and temporal-specific developmental regulation.
  • Tra2beta3 and Tra2beta4 transcripts show more restricted and vigorous regulation compared to Tra2beta5.
  • Tra2beta1 proteins are ubiquitously expressed, with higher levels in neural tissues, but show no direct correlation with transcript levels.

Conclusions:

  • Tra2beta-regulated alternative splicing contributes to mammalian development in a tissue- and temporal-specific manner.
  • Post-transcriptional mechanisms likely play a significant role in regulating Tra2beta protein levels during development.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional impact of Tra2beta isoforms in development.