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Mast cells and oral inflammation.

Laurence J Walsh1

  • 1School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 200 Turbot Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. l.walsh@uq.edu.au

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine : an Official Publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists
|June 12, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Oral mast cells, expressing tryptase and chymase, drive inflammation by releasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Targeting these cells offers potential treatments for chronic oral inflammatory diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral immunology
  • Inflammation biology
  • Cellular immunology

Background:

  • Mast cells are key immune cells found in oral tissues, particularly near blood vessels.
  • These cells contain enzymes like tryptase and chymase and pro-inflammatory mediators.
  • Their distribution is linked to neural elements and laminin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of mast cells in oral inflammation.
  • To highlight mast cell interactions with other cells and mediators.
  • To explore therapeutic potential targeting mast cells in oral diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mast cells in oral tissues.
  • Analysis of mast cell enzyme profiles and mediator content.
  • Examination of mast cell interactions with neural and immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Oral mast cells express tryptase and chymase, similar to skin mast cells.
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from mast cells promotes leukocyte infiltration in oral inflammation.
  • Mast cells form a neuro-immune network, influencing and being influenced by neuropeptides and cytokines.

Conclusions:

  • Mast cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory conditions.
  • Mast cell proteases may degrade basement membranes, facilitating immune cell invasion.
  • Targeting mast cell functions presents a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic oral inflammatory disorders.

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