Growth hormone secretagogues: past, present and future

Growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) or growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) of peptide or non-peptide structure are able to stimulate growth hormone secretion. They act through a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRIF) independent pathway. A receptor able to bind to these compounds was cloned in 1996, and a natural ligand of this receptor, named ghrelin, was characterized in 1999. The potential therapeutic value of such compounds is considerable as they offer an alternative therapy for treatment of deficiency in growth hormone secretion. As growth hormone (GH) also participates in many anabolic effects, interest in these compounds is increasing and many clinical applications are expected in the future.