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Matrix protein gene sequence analysis of avian paramyxovirus 1 isolates obtained from pigeons
Flavia Zanetti1, Marianela Rodríguez, Daniel J King
1Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Abstract:
The matrix protein gene was cloned and sequenced for several recent isolates of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1). Specifically, isolates from pigeons and doves, members of the Columbidae family were examined. APMV-1 is the causative agent of Newcastle disease and the virus is associated with disease among a diverse number of avian species. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from pigeons have also been classified as pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1). Matrix protein gene sequences for PPMV-1 isolates clustered together as a group relative to isolates from other species phylogenetically. However, there were also isolates from pigeons or doves that grouped with APMV-1 isolates from other species. This indicates that PPMV-1 may be circulating among Columbidae members as a distinct lineage, but that these avian species may also harbor other NDV strains as well. Of particular interest was a dove isolate from Europe that had an aberrant fusion protein cleavage site and was an outlying member phylogenetically between the two major groups of APMV-1 isolates.
Insights
Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) matrix protein gene sequencing reveals pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) may circulate distinctly in Columbidae birds. However, these species can also harbor other Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Avian Pathology
Background:
- Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) causes Newcastle disease (ND) in diverse avian species.
- Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from pigeons are classified as pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1).
- Understanding genetic diversity and host-specific lineages of APMV-1 is crucial for disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the genetic relatedness of APMV-1 isolates from Columbidae (pigeons and doves).
- To investigate the phylogenetic position of PPMV-1 isolates within the broader APMV-1 classification.
- To identify potential distinct lineages and interspecies transmission events.
Main Methods:
- Cloning and sequencing of the matrix protein gene from recent APMV-1 isolates.
- Phylogenetic analysis of obtained gene sequences.
- Comparison of PPMV-1 sequences with APMV-1 isolates from other avian species.
Main Results:
- PPMV-1 isolates from pigeons and doves formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster.
- Some pigeon and dove isolates grouped with APMV-1 strains from other avian species, indicating co-circulation.
- A European dove isolate showed an aberrant fusion protein cleavage site and an unusual phylogenetic position.
Conclusions:
- PPMV-1 may represent a distinct lineage circulating within Columbidae.
- Pigeons and doves can serve as hosts for multiple NDV strains, complicating disease surveillance.
- The aberrant dove isolate warrants further investigation due to its unique genetic characteristics and potential implications for virulence.