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Related Experiment Videos

Delirium.

R C Packard1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA. neurcp@ttuhsc.edu

The Neurologist
|June 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delirium, a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome, is often missed, leading to worse outcomes. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, especially for elderly patients, to improve hospital stays and reduce mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Delirium is a significant, frequently unrecognized neuropsychiatric condition.
  • Undiagnosed delirium increases hospital stays, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definitions and diagnostic criteria for delirium.
  • To discuss risk factors, diagnostic challenges in the elderly and those with dementia, and cellular-level pathophysiology.
  • To outline practical treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of delirium definitions and diagnostic criteria.
  • Discussion of risk factors, clinical presentation in elderly patients, and diagnostic complexities.
  • Exploration of the cellular mechanisms and neurotransmitter dysfunction involved in delirium.

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  • Review of practical treatment approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th edition, are similar.
    • Advanced age, cognitive impairment, polypharmacy, and severe illness are key risk factors.
    • Delirium in the elderly presents subtly, with prolonged recovery and diagnostic challenges when dementia is present.
    • Cellularly, delirium involves reversible neuronal membrane dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalances.

    Conclusions:

    • Delirium diagnosis often relies on bedside assessment.
    • An organized diagnostic approach and understanding pathophysiology are key for effective evaluation and management.
    • Improved recognition and management can mitigate adverse outcomes in patients with delirium.