Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 25, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Management of hot flushes without oestrogen
1Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, HS Brocklehurst Bulding, Hull Royal Infirmary, 220-236 Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2RW, UK.
Abstract:
Hot flushes are probably the most common symptom resulting in medical consultation in relation to the menopause. The association between the two is so strong that the connection is often invoked even when hot flushes occur in a regularly menstruating woman. Oestrogen significantly reduces hot flushes but is not used by all women-either because of contraindications or a reluctance to take oestrogen-based therapy. In addition, hot flushes may persist in spite of adequate oestrogen replacement, and physicians are often faced with the dilemma of finding something instead of, or in addition to, oestrogen for symptom relief. The available alternatives for the management of hot flushes are reviewed.
Related Concept Videos
Menopause
Methods of reducing fever
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Hormonal Regulation
Hormonal Regulation
