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HCV and blood transfusion.

H W Reesink1, C L van der Poel, H T Cuypers

  • 1Red Cross Blood Bank Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Archives of Virology. Supplementum
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Testing blood for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is more effective than ALT levels for preventing transfusion-transmitted hepatitis. Sensitive methods like RIBA and PCR can detect HCV in donated blood, significantly reducing infection risks for recipients.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Infectious Diseases
  • Transfusion Medicine and Virology

Background:

  • Posttransfusion hepatitis poses a significant risk in transfusion therapy.
  • Previous screening methods, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) testing, have limitations in detecting hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity of different diagnostic methods for detecting HCV in blood donations.
  • To determine if HCV screening is a more effective criterion than ALT testing for reducing transfusion-related hepatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Stored serum samples from blood donors and recipients were analyzed.
  • Tests employed included Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Main Results:

  • RIBA and PCR demonstrated comparable high sensitivity in detecting HCV.
  • These methods identified HCV positivity in numerous samples that might have been transfused.
  • HCV detection proved more sensitive than ALT level testing.

Conclusions:

  • Routine screening for HCV using sensitive assays like RIBA and PCR is crucial.
  • Implementing universal HCV screening will substantially decrease the incidence of hepatitis infection among transfusion recipients.
  • This approach enhances transfusion safety.

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