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Factors influencing spatial variability in nitrogen processing in nitrogen-saturated soils.

F S Gilliam1, C C Somerville, N L Lyttle

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755-2510, USA. gilliam@Marshall.edu

Thescientificworldjournal
|June 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Temperature significantly impacts nitrogen processing in N-saturated forest soils. High nitrogen processing soils show greater nitrification rates, but low processing soils exhibit none, despite the presence of nitrifying bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Forest Ecology
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitrogen (N) saturation is a growing environmental issue in eastern U.S. forests.
  • Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) soils show spatial variability in N processing.
  • Understanding N cycling is crucial for forest health and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temperature effects on net N mineralization and nitrification in N-saturated FEF soils.
  • To compare N processing in high vs. low N-processing soils from fertilized and unfertilized watersheds.
  • To test hypotheses regarding the absence of nitrification in certain soil types.

Main Methods:

  • Collected forest floor and mineral soil samples from N-saturated watersheds (WS3 and WS4).
  • Analyzed soil for C, lignin, N, NH4+, NO3-, Mg, Ca, Al, and pH.

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  • Incubated soil at 10, 20, and 30°C for 28 days to measure N mineralization and nitrification rates.
  • Characterized bacterial communities using amoA gene amplification.

    • Main Results:

    • Net nitrification comprised nearly 100% of net N mineralization across all samples.
    • Nitrification rates increased with temperature, particularly in high N-processing soils.
    • Untreated/high N soils exhibited the highest nitrification rates, while untreated/low N soils showed no net nitrification.
    • Nitrifying bacteria were present in soils with no observed net nitrification.

    Conclusions:

    • Temperature is a key factor influencing N cycling in N-saturated forest soils.
    • Low Ca to Al ratios and potential allelopathic interactions may inhibit nitrification in some soils.
    • Further research is needed to understand the complex factors controlling N cycling in these ecosystems.