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The TGF-beta family: signaling pathways, developmental roles, and tumor suppressor activities
Aaron N Johnson1, Stuart J Newfeld
1Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1501, USA. a.n.johnson@asu.edu
Abstract:
Intercellular communication is a critical process for all multicellular organisms, and communication among cells is required for proper embryonic development and adult physiology. Members of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of secreted proteins communicate information between cells via a complex signaling pathway, and family members are capable of inducing a wide range of cellular responses. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a broad introduction to our current understanding of three aspects of the TGF-beta family. These are the molecular mechanisms utilized by TGF-beta signaling pathways, the developmental roles played by TGF-beta family members in a variety of species, and the growing list of cancers in which various TGF-beta signaling pathways display tumor suppressor activity.
Insights
Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathways regulate cell communication, crucial for development and physiology. This review explores TGF-beta
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Intercellular communication is vital for multicellular organisms.
- Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) family proteins mediate cell signaling.
- TGF-beta pathways influence diverse cellular responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review molecular mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling.
- To examine developmental roles of TGF-beta family members.
- To discuss TGF-beta's tumor suppressor activity in cancers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of TGF-beta signaling pathways.
- Analysis of developmental roles across species.
- Examination of cancer-related TGF-beta functions.
Main Results:
- Detailed overview of TGF-beta molecular signaling.
- Compilation of TGF-beta's diverse developmental functions.
- Evidence of TGF-beta pathway tumor suppressor roles.
Conclusions:
- TGF-beta signaling is a complex, multifaceted pathway.
- TGF-beta family members are critical in development and physiology.
- Dysregulation of TGF-beta pathways is implicated in cancer.