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Nutritional aspects in ultra-endurance exercise.

Edith M Peters1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa. futree@nu.ac.za

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|June 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining proper nutrition and hydration is crucial for ultra-endurance athletes. High carbohydrate intake aids performance and recovery, while excessive fluid intake can be dangerous, leading to hyponatraemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ultra-endurance exercise presents unique challenges to maintaining physiological homeostasis.
  • Nutritional and hydration status are critical factors influencing performance and health in prolonged physical exertion.
  • Debate exists regarding neural mechanisms of fatigue, but substrate and fluid balance remain paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review substrate and fluid homeostasis during ultra-endurance exercise.
  • To examine the role of nutritional supplementation as an ergogenic aid.
  • To assess the impact of nutrition on exercise-induced immunosuppression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on substrate metabolism and fluid balance during ultra-endurance events.

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  • Analysis of current evidence on carbohydrate and fat intake strategies.
  • Evaluation of fluid intake recommendations and their consequences.
  • Review of nutritional supplementation effects on performance and immune function.

    • Main Results:

    • High carbohydrate intake before, during, and after exercise is supported for optimizing glycogen stores and preventing hypoglycemia.
    • No consistent performance benefits are observed with high-fat diets; females show greater utilization of intrafascicular triglycerides.
    • Excessive fluid intake leads to hyponatraemic hyperhydration, particularly in female ultra-distance athletes.
    • Carbohydrate supplementation may attenuate immunosuppressive responses but could impair vitamin C absorption; caffeine's ergogenic value is questioned.

    Conclusions:

    • Meeting macronutrient and fluid demands is essential for ultra-endurance athletes.
    • Disordered eating patterns are prevalent among these athletes.
    • Excessive fluid replacement increases the risk of water intoxication and central nervous system dysfunction.