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Surface changes induced by fluoride prophylactic agents on titanium-based orthodontic wires.

Ikuya Watanabe1, Etsuko Watanabe

  • 1Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Sytem Health Science Center, Dallas, 75246, USA. iwatanabe@tambcd.edu

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|June 14, 2003
PubMed
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Fluoride prophylactic agents generally do not alter orthodontic wire surface roughness. However, acidulated phosphate fluoride may affect beta-titanium alloy wire color, especially titanium-molybdenum wires.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Titanium-based orthodontic wires are widely used due to their favorable mechanical properties.
  • The interaction between fluoride prophylactic agents and orthodontic appliance surfaces requires investigation to ensure material integrity and clinical efficacy.
  • Understanding surface changes is crucial for preventing adverse effects during orthodontic treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of various fluoride prophylactic agents on the surface characteristics of different types of titanium-based orthodontic wires.
  • To assess changes in surface roughness and color after exposure to fluoride agents for varying durations.
  • To determine if specific fluoride agents or wire compositions exhibit significant surface alterations.

Main Methods:

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  • Four types of titanium-based wires (nickel-titanium and beta-titanium alloys) were immersed in five different fluoride prophylactic agents.
  • Exposure durations included 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours.
  • Surface roughness was measured, and color changes were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey test).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in average surface roughness were observed among most fluoride solutions and orthodontic wires.
  • A notable exception was the titanium-molybdenum wire, which showed increased surface roughness after 24-hour immersion in acidulated phosphate fluoride (Nupro APF).
  • Results suggested potential color changes on beta-titanium alloy wires, particularly titanium-molybdenum, following acidulated phosphate fluoride application.

Conclusions:

  • Most fluoride prophylactic agents appear safe for titanium-based orthodontic wires regarding surface roughness.
  • Acidulated phosphate fluoride agents may induce surface color changes in beta-titanium alloy wires, warranting further clinical consideration.
  • Clinicians should be aware of potential, albeit limited, surface interactions between specific fluoride agents and titanium-molybdenum wires.