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[Influenza].

Eduardo Forleo-Neto1, Elisa Halker, Verônica Jorge Santos

  • 1Divisão VigiVírus, Grupo de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical
|June 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Influenza, a contagious respiratory illness, impacts millions globally each year. Annual vaccination remains the most effective prevention method against this highly mutagenic virus.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Influenza (flu) is a significant global health concern, causing millions of infections and thousands of excess deaths annually in Europe, Japan, and the USA.
  • The influenza virus (Mixovirus influenzae) is highly mutagenic due to its segmented genetic material, leading to frequent emergence of new antigenic strains.
  • Clinical relevance in humans is primarily associated with influenza virus types A and B.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the public health impact of influenza.
  • To discuss the challenges posed by the virus's mutagenicity.
  • To emphasize the importance of vaccination and available treatment options.

Summary:

  • Influenza affects over 100 million people annually in major regions, causing substantial excess mortality.
  • The virus's high mutation rate necessitates continuous adaptation of control strategies.
  • Annual immunization is the most effective preventive measure, with vaccination recommended in March and April in Brazil.
  • Current treatment options include amantadine, rimantadine, and neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir).

Impact:

  • Annual vaccination is crucial for preventing influenza and its complications.
  • Neuraminidase inhibitors represent a significant advancement in managing and controlling influenza infections.
  • Understanding influenza's epidemiology and viral characteristics is vital for effective public health interventions.

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