[Adverse reactions of cancer chemotherapy and fluid replacement]

Clinical oncologists and physicians handling anticancer drugs need to be thoroughly aware of anticancer drug adverse reactions, and have all the necessary skills to deal with such events if they occur. This chapter discusses anticancer drug adverse reactions requiring fluid replacement. Adverse reactions that require fluid replacement are in general considered serious. Most are at least grade 3 events (serious/high toxicity) based on the NCI-CTC ver 2 classification and require immediate treatment. Here we discuss the general view of fluid replacement for dehydration caused by gastrointestinal toxicity, fluid replacement for nephrotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, tumor lysis syndrome that sometimes requires substantial fluid replacement and SIADH that is a condition requiring a prudent approach to fluid therapy, including also specific methods of fluid replacement.