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Related Experiment Videos

Inorganics and hormesis.

Edward J Calabrese1, Linda A Baldwin

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. edwardc@schoolph.umass.edu

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|June 18, 2003
PubMed
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Hormetic dose-response relationships are common for inorganic agents like arsenic and lead across various species. Understanding this biphasic response is crucial for assessing environmental and public health risks.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Public health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Inorganic agents, including toxic substances, pose significant environmental and public health concerns.
  • Dose-response relationships are fundamental to toxicology and risk assessment.
  • Hormesis, a biphasic dose-response, suggests beneficial effects at low doses and toxicity at high doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the occurrence of hormetic dose-response relationships induced by inorganic agents.
  • To assess the quantitative features and underlying mechanisms of hormetic responses.
  • To evaluate the generalizability of hormetic responses across different biological models and endpoints.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating inorganic agents and their dose-response effects.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of data from diverse biological models (plants, invertebrates, vertebrates).
  • Assessment of quantitative dose-response features and mechanistic explanations for hormesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Hormetic dose-response relationships are frequently observed for inorganic agents like arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc.
    • These responses occur across a wide range of biological models and endpoints.
    • Quantitative assessments reveal common features and mechanisms underlying the biphasic nature of hormesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Hormetic responses are a common and generalizable phenomenon for inorganic agents in biological systems.
    • The hormetic dose-response is a reliable feature that must be considered in risk assessments.
    • This understanding will significantly impact the estimation of effects of inorganic agents on environmental and human health.