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Updated: Sep 25, 2026

Cost-effective Method for Microbial Source Tracking Using Specific Human and Animal Viruses
Published on: December 3, 2011
Detection of intrinsic vancomycin resistant enterococci in animal and human feces
Eugene W Rice1, Laura A Boczek, Clifford H Johnson
1United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA. rice.gene@epa.gov
Abstract:
Fecal samples from animal species and humans were analyzed by quantitative culture for enterococci and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Each host species carried enterococci which exhibited intrinsic intermediate resistance to vancomycin and sensitivity to teicoplanin (Van C phenotype). The carriage rate in humans was 9%. Carriage rates varied among animal species with the highest percentages being found in deer, duck, goose, horse and turkey.
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