Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

856
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
856
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

784
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
784
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

2.5K
Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
2.5K
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

847
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
847
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

37.5K
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
37.5K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

111.3K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
111.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bcl-xL blockade targets neutrophils and synergizes with chemotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Harnessing lipid-driven immunometabolic pathways in omental metastases to enhance immunotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026
Same author

In vivo modeling of human γδ T cell ontogeny reveals terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase as a key regulator of type 3 Vδ2 T cell development.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

In vivo production of an anti-HIV antibody in mice by non-viral gene knockin in primate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

A CD8αβ co-receptor modified to contain an intracellular CD28 signaling tail enhances TCR-engineered T cell function independent of solid-tumor-associated co-stimulatory ligands.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Humoral response induced after intranasal vaccination with heat inactivated <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> protects immunodeficient mice against hypervirulent LAC-4 strain.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Tackling Challenges in Synthetic Cell Engineering
10:56

Author Spotlight: Tackling Challenges in Synthetic Cell Engineering

Published on: April 12, 2024

1.7K

Reconstructing eukaryotic NAD metabolism.

Anthony Rongvaux1, Fabienne Andris, Frédéric Van Gool

  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|June 20, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is vital for cell regulation and synthesis. Reconstructing its biosynthetic pathways in eukaryotes reveals evolutionary adaptations and functional redundancy, enabling new roles beyond NAD production.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.1K
Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans
12:10

Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: February 27, 2011

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Tackling Challenges in Synthetic Cell Engineering
10:56

Author Spotlight: Tackling Challenges in Synthetic Cell Engineering

Published on: April 12, 2024

1.7K
Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.1K
Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans
12:10

Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: February 27, 2011

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is crucial as a coenzyme in redox reactions and as a precursor for cell-regulating molecules.
  • NAD's regulatory functions stem from its role as an ADP-ribose donor, necessitating its synthesis to maintain intracellular levels.
  • Understanding NAD biosynthesis is key to comprehending cellular regulation and metabolic pathway evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct and analyze the NAD biosynthetic pathways across diverse eukaryotic organisms.
  • To investigate the evolutionary history and conservation of enzymes involved in NAD synthesis.
  • To explore how metabolic pathways evolve and acquire new functions.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analysis of NAD synthesis pathways.
  • Computational reconstruction of metabolic routes.
  • Comparative analysis of conserved enzymes in eukaryotes.

Main Results:

  • Detailed reconstruction of NAD biosynthetic routes in various eukaryotic species.
  • Identification of highly conserved enzymes across different organisms.
  • Evidence suggesting the evolution of multiple NAD biosynthetic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of multiple NAD biosynthetic routes has led to partial functional redundancy.
  • This redundancy allows NAD synthesis pathways to acquire novel functions unrelated to NAD production.
  • NAD metabolism provides a model for understanding the evolution of complex metabolic pathways.