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Classifying the precancers: a metadata approach.

Jules J Berman1, Donald E Henson

  • 1Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA. bermanj@mail.nih.gov

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
|June 24, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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This study presents the first comprehensive taxonomy and classification of precancerous lesions, crucial for cancer prevention. The developed classification system aids in linking precancer terms to biological databases for improved research.

Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Oncology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Precancerous lesions precede invasive cancers during carcinogenesis.
  • Effective precancer treatment could potentially eradicate most human cancers.
  • No prior comprehensive listing or classification of precancers existed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the first comprehensive taxonomy and classification of precancerous lesions.
  • To annotate terms and classes with metadata for linking to biological databases.

Main Methods:

  • Extracted precancer terms from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).
  • Reviewed and augmented terms, assigning each to one of six general classes.
  • Assembled the classification in XML format, converting it to HTML for browser viewing.

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Main Results:

  • The classification includes 4700 precancer terms and 568 distinct precancer concepts.
  • Identified six precancer classes: acquired microscopic precancers, acquired large lesions with atypia, precursor lesions in inherited syndromes, acquired diffuse hyperplasias/metaplasias, unclassified entities, and superclass/modifiers.

Conclusions:

  • This work is the first comprehensive listing, biological classification, and pathological classification of precancers.
  • The classification utilizes standard metadata (XML) and is publicly available.
  • Authors invite comments for ongoing curation and modification of the classification.