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Stability consideration for internal maxillary distractors.

Lim K Cheung1, Qian Zhang, Martin C M Wong

  • 1Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. lkcheung@hkucc.hku.hk

Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
|June 24, 2003
PubMed
Summary

A 2mm screw fixation offers superior stability for maxillary distractors compared to 1.5mm screws in thicker bone regions. Optimal fixation sites include the paranasal and zygomatic areas for enhanced bone regeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Distraction osteogenesis relies on stable fixation for successful bone regeneration.
  • Maxillary distractors require robust fixation systems to withstand mechanical forces.
  • Understanding bone thickness variations is crucial for selecting appropriate fixation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the holding strength of different fixation systems for maxillary distractors.
  • To evaluate fixation strength on bone samples of varying thicknesses.
  • To identify optimal anatomical regions for maxillary distractor fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 dry skulls to measure maxillary bone thickness in five regions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Pull-out tests to assess the holding strength of 1.5mm and 2mm screws and three-screw mini-plates (triangular and straight configurations).
  • Testing conducted on fresh animal bone samples with defined thicknesses (1mm, 2mm, 4mm).

    • Main Results:

    • Paranasal and zygomatic regions exhibited the thickest cortical bone (4mm), followed by the alveolar region (2mm).
    • 2mm screws demonstrated significantly greater holding strength than 1.5mm screws in 2mm and 4mm thick bone.
    • No significant differences in pull-out behavior were observed for screws in 1mm bone or for mini-plates in different configurations.

    Conclusions:

    • Paranasal and zygomatic bones are confirmed as the thickest and most suitable sites for internal maxillary distractor fixation.
    • 2mm diameter fixation screws, used with either triangular or straight mini-plates, provide effective stabilization for maxillary distractors.